
Rembrandt, por David Levine.
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"If they can get you asking the wrong questions, they don’t have to worry about answers" Thomas Pynchon
Excelente artigo de Robert Skidelsky no Financial Times:
"Why on earth should we take this market sentiment any more seriously than that which led to the great debauch of 2007? Markets, it is sometimes said, may not know what they are talking about, but governments have no choice but to do what they tell them. This is unacceptable. The duty of governments is to govern in the best interests of the people who elected them not of the City of London. If that means calling the bankers’ bluff, so be it."
"The market logic of individual choice has been busy destroying the social logic of community. Formerly, leaders of the people were leaders of their communities, often personally known to those whom they served, and jealous of their reputations for probity and fair dealing. Trust was based on local knowledge fortified by continuous contact. The erosion of these powerful constraints on bad behavior was bound to produce a growing demand for public “accountability.”
(...)
"A low-trust society is the enemy of freedom. It will produce a juggernaut of escalating regulation and surveillance, which will reduce trust further and encourage cheating. After all, human nature is not only inherently gainful, but also takes satisfaction in gain cunningly achieved – for example, by finding ways round regulations. A free society requires a high degree of trust to reduce the burden of monitoring and control, and trust requires internalized standards of honor, truthfulness, and fairness.
"Systems in which people are trusted to behave well are more likely to produce good behavior than systems in which they are compelled to do so by regulation or fear of legal sanctions. Liberal societies must tolerate some degree of crime and corruption. But there will be less of it than in societies run by bureaucrats, courts, and policeman. In the former communist countries, private crime was virtually non-existent, but state crime was rampant."
"Competitive career systems have an inherent tendency to promote the least productive individuals, thus leading to mediocracy.Já que chegaram até aqui, leiam o resto para conhecerem as surpreendentes mas lógicas conclusões que Chris Dillon daqui tira.
The intuition for this result comes from the fact that more productive people have better fall-back positions than less productive ones when failing in the competition for top positions. Hence, highly productive people have only moderate incentives to win the competition for top jobs, whereas individuals with low productivity have strong incentives to avoid their rather unattractive fall-back positions."
"If we had a reasonable bipartisan politics, many good ideas would become politically possible which are now aborted by the duty of the Opposition to oppose everything that the Government do. I only hope that this duty does not abort the recovery."
(Reuters) In Somalia's main pirate lair of Haradheere, the sea gangs have set up a cooperative to fund their hijackings offshore, a sort of stock exchange meets criminal syndicate.Os piratas da Somália chegaram tarde ao processo de acumulação primitiva do capital. Este tipo de actividades tornaram-se entretanto incompatíveis com os valores da civilização ocidental, mas, pelo vistos, eles ainda não foram informados.
Heavily armed pirates from the lawless Horn of Africa nation have terrorised shipping lanes in the Indian Ocean and strategic Gulf of Aden, which links Europe to Asia through the Red Sea.
The gangs have made tens of millions of dollars from ransoms and a deployment by foreign navies in the area has only appeared to drive the attackers to hunt further from shore.
It is a lucrative business that has drawn financiers from the Somali diaspora and other nations -- and now the gangs in Haradheere have set up an exchange to manage their investments.
One wealthy former pirate named Mohammed took Reuters around the small facility and said it had proved to be an important way for the pirates to win support from the local community for their operations, despite the dangers involved.
"Four months ago, during the monsoon rains, we decided to set up this stock exchange. We started with 15 'maritime companies' and now we are hosting 72. Ten of them have so far been successful at hijacking," Mohammed said.
"Many theories, most famously Max Weber's essay on the 'Protestant ethic,' have hypothesized that Protestantism should have favored economic development. With their considerable religious heterogeneity and stability of denominational affiliations until the 19th century, the German Lands of the Holy Roman Empire present an ideal testing ground for this hypothesis. Using population figures in a dataset comprising 276 cities in the years 1300-1900, I find no effects of Protestantism on economic growth. The finding is robust to the inclusion of a variety of controls, and does not appear to depend on data selection or small sample size. In addition, Protestantism has no effect when interacted with other likely determinants of economic development. I also analyze the endogeneity of religious choice; instrumental variables estimates of the effects of Protestantism are similar to the OLS results."
The credit default swap spreads for Irish banks have widened signficantly — even relative to HSBC, with its direct Dubai involvement. In part, this is hedge funds betting that others will want to insure against the rising risk of an Irish default, but what’s the connection?
The thinking is that a partial bailout – with creditor losses – for Dubai from Abu Dhabi implies something about how Ireland will be treated within the European Union (and the same reasoning is also more vaguely in the air for Greece). This may make sense for three reasons.
1. If Dubai can effectively default or reschedule its debts without disrupting the global economy, then others can do the same.
2. If Abu Dhabi takes a tough line and doesn’t destabilize markets, others (e.g., the EU) will be tempted to do the same (i.e., for Ireland and Greece). “No more unconditional bailouts” is an appealing refrain in many capitals.
3. If the US supports some creditor losses for Dubai (e.g., because of its connections with Iran), this makes it easier to impose losses on creditors elsewhere (even perhaps where IMF programs are in place, such as Eastern Europe).
The main effect will be to strengthen the hand of Ben Bernanke in Fed policymaking discussions – so US interest rates will stay low for a long while.
If financial intermediaries draw the appropriate lessons from Dubai, Ireland, and Greece (and Iceland, the Baltics, Hungary, etc), they will be more careful about extending credit to places that are becoming overexuberant – even when it is cheap to increase debt levels.
"Quantos mais nomes e suspeitas aparcerem na comunicação social, mais confusa ficará a investigação “Face Oculta”, mais difuso será o alvo deste processo, mais longe estaremos da justiça. Já vimos este filme. Sabemos como acaba. E os corruptos também sabem."Agora, reparem numa coisa: o Daniel sentiu-se na necessidade de escrever o último período para não poder ser acusado de estar a tentar proteger o Sócrates.
"Vinte anos depois da queda do Muro de Berlim, floresce assim a ideologia contentatória: o comunismo acabou, diz Saramago e repete, com gosto evidente, António Vitorino. Frágil ilusão, contudo, pois continuou a ser possível ser cristão depois da Inquisição, social-democrata depois da votação dos créditos de guerra e mesmo depois do assassinato de Rosa Luxemburgo, e até continuou a ser possível ser economista liberal depois da grande depressão de 1929."Significará isto que Louçã continua a ser comunista? Deixo o enigma à vossa consideração, já que ele se recusa a esclarecê-lo. Entretanto, aqui fica mais uma pista:
"O século XX começou em 1905 com o Soviete de Petrogrado e terminou em 1989 com a queda do muro de Berlim."Ora, quem foi o chefe do Soviete de Petrogrado? Nada menos que Leon Trotsky.
"At its peak, the grounds of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo had a greater theoretical value than the entire state of California. By then there was no way out – asset market collapse and financial system wipe-out were baked in the cake.E o que interess a China? Nada, excepto ser a prosperidade deles que tem alimentado a máquina de crédito do resto do mundo.
"If China continues to follow the Japanese template, the end of the dollar peg will be the trigger event, setting off a Godzilla-sized credit binge. Why would China’s rulers embark on a such a disastrous course? Because the alternative – unleashing deflationary forces stored up over years of mercantilist policies – would be too painful to contemplate. That was the choice made by Japanese policymakers, who had a hundred years’ experience of managing a quasi-capitalist economy.
"This time a denouement would be one of the biggest bubbles in history, probably in scale and certainly in number of people involved. Could China weather the subsequent financial turmoil as stoically as Japan? It seems unlikely; at the least, its ascent to global hegemony would suffer a brutal interruption."
"I am willing to listen to utilitarian arguments against redistribution (e.g., high marginal tax rates reduce the incentive to work, blah blah blah blah blah); I may not agree with them, but they are a plausible position. However, I have little patience for the idea that rich people deserve what they have because they worked for it. It’s just a question of how far back you are willing to acknowledge that chance enters the equation. If you are willing to acknowledge that chance determines who you are to begin with, then it becomes obvious (to me at least) that public policy cannot simply seek to level the playing field, because that will just endorse a system that produces good outcomes for the lucky (the smart and hard-working) and bad outcomes for the unlucky. Instead, fairness dictates that policy should attempt to improve outcomes for the unlucky, even if that requires hurting outcomes for the lucky. But given that society is controlled by the lucky, I’m not holding my breath."
"Let us sum up: traders are borrowing at negative 20 per cent rates to invest on a highly leveraged basis on a mass of risky global assets that are rising in price due to excess liquidity and a massive carry trade. Every investor who plays this risky game looks like a genius – even if they are just riding a huge bubble financed by a large negative cost of borrowing – as the total returns have been in the 50-70 per cent range since March."Se a interpretação estiver correcta, o futuro não se afigura brilhante:
"This unraveling may not occur for a while, as easy money and excessive global liquidity can push asset prices higher for a while. But the longer and bigger the carry trades and the larger the asset bubble, the bigger will be the ensuing asset bubble crash. The Fed and other policymakers seem unaware of the monster bubble they are creating. The longer they remain blind, the harder the markets will fall."
"Se este governo souber aproveitar bem a circinstância do PS só ter maioria relativa na AR, ainda poderá salvar o enervado consulado anterior. Consolidar as reduções na despesa, ir buscar mais receitas fora do mundo do trabalho, escolher e executar um plano de obras públicas menos teórico, dar mais atenção às escolas, calibrar melhor os sacrifícios pedidos aos funcionários públicos, e, sobretudo, dar garantias aos cidadãos que o Estado de Direito vigora no dia-a-dia, eis o que pode salvar o passado e lançar o PS para o futuro. O PS e o prestígio da esquerda moderna..."Quase tudo ideias que me agradam, embora eu me incline para deixar em paz o "prestígio da esquerda moderna".